Summary TFY

Summary TFY
Chapter 1
1. If we want to develop more conscious thinking habits, we have to examine our own thinking processes so we can recognize our strengths and weaknesses.
2. Careful observation can help us discover new knowledge.
3. Observation is the process of watching something or someone carefully for a period of time. Perceiving is to understand or think of something in a particular way. Thinking organizes our perceptions.
4. Careful observation can take our time, give full attention, and thinking in an attitude of listening.
Chapter 2
1. An accurate use of words improves our thinking. We can use them often. Words enable us to communicate with others and ourselves. When we want to talk with people, we should think about how to use the right word to talk with them.
2. Writing helps us learn more about words and how to use them. For example, if we do not know some words we can check them in the dictionary.
3. Clear thinking depends on a clear understanding of the words we use. If we are not sure how to use a word we might use it wrong.
4. Definitions help us to understand a word we do not know. We can learn the meaning of the words and how to distinguish from another one.

Chapter 3
1. By definition, a fact is a piece of information that is known to be true.
2. Facts are not absolutes but illustrate probability.
3. Our senses are limited both in range and capacity and are affected by many factors, such as when we focus on something and our mental process.
Chapter 4
1. The word infer means to form an opinion that something is probably true because of other information that you already know.
2. Writing offers specific detailed support for its conclusions makes interesting writing.
3. The topic sentence of a paragraph is a generalization that summarizes the main idea to be demonstrated in that paragraph.
Chapter 5
1. An assumption is to think that something is true, although you have no proof of it.
2. Assumptions can be conscious or unconscious, warranted or unwarranted.
3. Hidden assumptions are unconscious assumptions that greatly influence a line of reasoning.
Chapter 6
1. Opinion means your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject.
2. Opinion can be proved or not.
3. People enjoy a lot of opinions, such as expressing, reading, and listening.
4. Public opinion can be used to determine public view.
5. Opinions should not be confused with facts.
6. Arguments consist of supported opinions.
7. In an essay, a statement of opinion can be the thesis or its principle claim.

Chapter 7
1. Evaluation means the act of considering something to decide how useful or valuable it is, or a document in which this is done
2. Evaluations are not facts.
3. Feelings and expectations affect both our views and cognitive and evaluation.